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The Catholic youth sports associations of French Algeria () first appeared in major cities in northern Algeria at the beginning of the 20th century and were mainly reserved for young European people.〔.〕〔.〕 By the start of the First World War some of the associations had joined the Fédération internationale catholique d'éducation physique et sportive, with women's organizations rapidly following suit and joining the Rayon sportif féminin – a French catholic sporting organisation for women.〔.〕 In contrast to the situation in the North, the spread of sports through the southern regions of Algeria, under the auspices of the White Fathers (Pères Blancs), predominantly involved the indigenous populations.〔 == Male youth associations == The first of the Catholic youth sports associations were established in Algiers in 1913,〔.〕 namely: St. Croix (which was already involved with working class youth), St. Joseph Hussein Dey, and l’Avenir d’El Biar. They were created through an initiative of the Salesians of Don Bosco and the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and catered predominantly to young people of European origin. They immediately became affiliated with the Fédération gymnastique et sportive des patronages de France (FGSPF), and their focus, as with the associations in France, was the provision of moral instruction and military training.〔.〕 They were organised into regional unions in which both religious and secular people, including women, shared responsibilities. The first such union was established in Oran in November 1913 by a Father Koëger.〔.〕 Development of the associations continued after the First World War: the Union régionale de la province d'Alger listed six associations in 1924,〔 then nine by 1928. France supported and monitored these developments, and following an appeal by Monsignor Auguste-Fernand Leynaud, Archbishop of Algiers, 70 Catholic youth sports associations from various French departments – such as Bouches-du-Rhône, Alsace, Seine, Rhône, Landes, and Maine et Loire – took 3000 gymnasts and 500 musicians across the Mediterranean to participate in a large competition for federation member associations. The competition was organised to mark the centenary of French Algeria and was held on 14 June 1930.〔Hervet (1948), pp. 80–144.〕 Three specially arranged boats set off from Marseille: the ''Lamoricière'', the ''duc d'Aumale'', and the ''Espagne''. On board, the executive team was made up of François Hebrard (a French law professor and leading sports bureaucrat), Armand Thibaudeau (a Catholic youth sports association leader who played an important part in the development of basketball in France), and Mr. Simounet, who was the official representative of the Under Secretary of State for Physical Education. Avant-Garde Saint-Denis was the team of the competition and Robert Herold was the individual champion. The competition was followed by a reception hosted by the Governor General, Pierre-Louis Borde. Two wreaths were also laid at a war memorial, one by the , and the other by a Catholic organisation from Alsace which had brought 11 organisations to the competition. A trip to Sidi-Ferruch followed, where Monsignor Auguste-Fernand Leynaud〔 laid the foundation stone for the city's church; two special trains and 18 buses were laid on for the occasion. Alger added one further association in 1931, and then in 1932 the Spartans of Eckmülh,〔Eckmülh is a district of Oran.〕 Oran, were created by Father Bailly, who had connections with the Don Bosco youth association,〔 which was founded in January 1893 by the Salesians. The Spartans soon became the largest basketball club in Algeria, with some of the players selected for the French national team.〔.〕 In 1936, Father Bailly's teams won all the titles in the Oran region, with the first team becoming champions of Algeria.〔Fédération internationale catholique d'éducation physique et sportive (FGSPF) Young, Number 770, 14 March 1937 p.〕 After the Second World War, and as 1948–49 champions of North Africa, the Spartans beat the French military team by 22 points. They then beat the 1949 French champions, Villeurbanne, and were crowned champions of the French Union on 11 June 1949; Oran became the basketball capital of North Africa as a result. After Algerian Independence the Spartans continued their involvement with basketball and gymnastics.〔.〕 Some of the Algerian associations were ahead of their time. In 1931, the association of St. Philip of Algiers, founded in 1922〔St. Philip of Algiers, founded under the Statement No. 921, in 24 April 1922, as published in the Official Gazette No. 124 of 7 May 1922.〕 and in which sport, such as gymnastics, and military training took place, began to allow female membership, including within their administration.〔 Members had to be of majority age, have French nationality, and be entitled to exercise their civil and political rights however. The ''Olympique du Petit Séminaire'' (OPS) was the last Catholic youth sports association created in Algeria and was founded during the insurgency. All those in charge at the OPS belonged to the social elite, and one was a member of the Clergy. In addition to teaching gymnastics and providing military training (including training in the use of rifles), the association encouraged the practice of other sports. It also encouraged choir singing as well as organizing recreational sessions and holiday camps. The association's statutes did not permit the admission of foreigners.〔.〕 On 27 January 1963, during the year following Algerian independence, the statutes of the OPS were changed: military training was brought to an end and the association was renamed ''Olympique de Saint-Eugène'' (OSE), placing less emphasis on religion; membership continued to be made up of French nationals however. The OSE finally ceased to exist in 1967.〔.〕 Prior to this, on 1 July 1962, during the gymnastics and music championships of the Féderation Sportive de France (FSF) in Troy, a young gymnast and lawyer representing the Algerian unions, Olivier Gilbert, had returned the flag of the Algerian youth associations to the president of the FSF. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catholic youth sports associations of French Algeria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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